RESUMO A dieta básica de grande parte da população mundial é provida pelos cereais que, geralmente, apresentam teores de ferro (Fe) e zinco (Zn) aquém da demanda nutricional do homem. Outros fatores que podem contribuir, substancialmente, para a baixa ingestão de Fe e Zn são os fatores antinutricionais, presentes nas partes comestíveis das plantas, como os metais pesados e o fitato. Por essas razões, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a variação genotípica quanto à produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1), à altura de plantas e à de inserção de primeira vagem, bem como aos teores de Fe, de Zn, de fósforo (P) e do antinutriente fitato nos grãos, de 24 cultivares de soja, além de detectar cultivares com potencial para biofortificação. O experimento de campo foi conduzido em Rio Verde, Goiás, pelo Centro Tecnológico da COMIGO. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 24 tratamentos e três repetições. Os resultados mostraram que há variação genotípica para produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1), para alturas de plantas e de inserção de primeira vagem, bem como para os teores de Fe, Zn, P e do antinutriente fitato, nos grãos, entre os cultivares de soja. Verificaram-se correlações baixas ou não significativas entre as variáveis avaliadas, exceto para a relação entre P e fitato (r = 0,733). A diversidade encontrada entre os cultivares de soja oferece genótipos, como AS 8197RR, M 7908RR e FMS BRS 262, com potencial para desenvolver cultivares com maiores habilidades de acumular nutrientes em grãos.

ABSTRACT The staple diet of most of the world population is provided by cereal, which present levels of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) below the nutritional demand of humans. Other factors that may substantially interfere for the low intake of Fe and Zn are the anti- nutritional factors present in the edible parts of plants, such as heavy metals and phytate. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypic variation in terms of yield (kg ha-1), plant height, insertion height of first pod, as well as concentrations of Fe, Zn, phosphorus (P) and the anti-nutrient phytate in grains of 24 soybean cultivars and to identify cultivars with potential for biofortification. The field experiment was conducted in Rio Verde, state of Goiás by the technological center of COMIGO. The experimental design used in the study was a randomized block design with 24 treatments and three replications. The results showed that there is genotypic variation for grain yield (kg ha-1), plant height, and insertion height of first pod, as well as for the concentrations of Zn, Fe, P and concentration of anti-nutient phytate in grains among the soybean cultivars. Non-significant or low correlations were found among the evaluated parameters except for the relationship between P and phytate (r=0.733). The diversity found among soybean cultivars offers genotypes such as 8197RR, M 7908RR and BRS 262 with potential to develop cultivars with better ability to accumulate nutrients in grains.

Determination of organic acids in soils and organic materials is important due to the important role they play in improving the soil's physical, chemical and microbiological conditions. This study identified and quantified low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) in soils (dystroferric Red Latosol, dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol and Quartzarenic Neosol) and organic materials (cow, pig, chicken, quail and horse manures, sawdust, coconut fiber, pine bark, coffee husks, biochar, organic substrate, sewage sludges 1 and 2, garbage compost, pig slurry compost). The following acids were identified: acetic, citric, D-malic, formic, fumaric, maleic, malonic, oxalic, quinic, shikimic, succinic and tartaric.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sorption and leaching of thiamethoxam in dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd), dystroferric Red Latosol (LVdf) and Red-Yellow Argisol (PVAd) with coffee under the effect of sewage sludge doses. There was thiamethoxam sorption decreasing at higher doses of sewage sludge in LVAd and LVdf. In the PVAd, sorption was higher in samples that received the highest dose of sewage sludge. At 150 days after the application of thiamethoxam, the compound began to be detected in the effluent, in all soils. Dissolved organic carbon had no influence on the thiamethoxam leaching.